Investigation of age-related features of the qualified and highly qualified female skiers’ hemodynamic condition
Authors:
Anna V. Zakharova (1,2,*)
1 Ural Federal University Yekaterinburg, Russia; 2 Innovation Center of the Russian Olympic Committee Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-8170-2316, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.*
Abstract:
The study of the functional parameters of athletes’ cardiovascular system, especially in the age aspect, has always been the subject of sports physiology and medicine, as well as pedagogical science, since it is the hemodynamic state of athletes that is decisive for a higher endurance level. The aim of the study is to reveal age-related features in the hemodynamic state of successful female cross-country skiers. Materials and methods: 333 athletes, winners of regional and all-Russian competitions in cross-country skiing and biathlon underwent hemodynamic monitoring using a portable monitor "MARG 10-01" (Microlux, Chelyabinsk) in an active orthotest. The following hemodynamic parameters in two stationary positions of athletes (supine and standing) were under consideration by statistical analysis in the age aspects: heart rate (HR, beats/min), stroke volume (SV, ml), end-diastolic volume (EDV, ml), cardiac output (CO, l/min), and relative indicators to the body square (S, m2), respectively: stroke index (SI, ml/m2), end-diastolic index (EDI, ml/m2) and cardiac index (SI, ml/min/m2). The sports norm in the age groups was calculated as the 75th percentile or X+0.67*SD, where X is the average, SD is the standard deviation. Research results: Age-related trends in HR, SV, SI, EDV and EDI dynamics of successful cross-country skiers from 9 to 30 years old are established Despite the fact that the correlation between HR and the athletes' heart volume parameters are weak, in the operative athlete’s self-control HRstanding is more reliable indicator of the hemodynamic state than HRsupine. The key indicators for sports selection in cross-country skiing are EDIstanding (age sports norm for 13-17 years ≥86 ml/m2, over 18 years ≥ 93) and EDIsupine (for 13-14 years ≥98 ml/m2, at 15-17 years ≥103, over 18 years ≥107 ml/m2). Scientific novelty. Objective selection criteria for female athletes of different ages in cross-country skiing are identified. They can serve as targets for long-term training planning. Practical significance. The revealed age-related features of the female athletes’ hemodynamic condition should be taken into account when planning sports training. The selection criteria can be used in stage control at all stages of sport training cross-country skiing and other endurance sports.
Keywords:
functional state, cardiovascular system, hemodynamics, hemodynamic parameters, active orthotest, cross-country skiing, qualified cross-country skiers, highly qualified athletes, women, age-related features of hemodynamics.