Development of sprint swimmers’ speed endurance using the method of controlled motor variability
Authors:
Elena Yu. Fedorova (1,*), Elena V. Gridneva (2), Oleg V. Lebedev (3)
1 Moscow City Pedagogical University Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0000-0002-6992-4282, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.*; 2 Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Moscow, Russia ORCID: 0009-0001-1096-8248, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. 3 Moscow Institute of Modern Academic Education ORCID: 0009-0003-0034-6650, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract:
Speed endurance is a key factor in the success of sprinters, especially in the final sections of the distance. Traditional methods of its development, based on monotonous loads, are often not effective enough due to poor adaptation to the stress of competition. In this regard, the method of controlled motor variability, aimed at the development of neuroplasticity and motor flexibility, becomes a promising solution for increasing resistance to fatigue and improving technique. Scientific novelty. A method based on the variation of motor parameters in the training of sprint swimmers is proposed. It was found that controlled motor variation increases technique resistance to fatigue, reduces energy expenditure and improves results in competitions. The study showed that rowing variability improves athletes' adaptation to non-standard loading conditions. Practical significance. The results can be implemented in the training of sprint swimmers of all levels, contributing to the improvement of performance without a significant increase in load. The methodology is also applicable to other cyclic sports requiring stable technique and efficiency in fatigue. Research Methods. The study involved 33 sprinter swimmers (14-15 years old) with the qualification of I grade and CMC from the State Budgetary Educational Institution FSO “Youth of Moscow”. The participants were divided into an experimental group (n = 16), practicing the method of motor variability, and a control group (n = 17), training traditionally. During 16 weeks biomechanical, physiological and competitive parameters were analyzed: length and frequency of rowing, coefficient of variation, lactate level and time on distances. Results. The method of controlled motor variation led to significant improvements in the experimental group: rowing length increased by 7.9%, the coefficient of variation decreased by 33.8%, and lactate levels decreased by 8.5%. This was accompanied by an increase in competitive performance at 50 and 100 meters, by 8.1% and 7.2% respectively. Positive changes were also observed in the control group, but to a lesser extent. Conclusion. The method of controlled motor variability has proven to be effective in developing speed endurance in sprinters, improving technique and performance, and reducing the risk of failure at high loads. It is recommended to study its long term effect and influence on the training of swimmers of different ages.
Keywords:
controlled motor variability, speed endurance, sprint swimmers, biomechanical adaptation.