Study of the cardiovascular system adaptation to physical workload in men aged 44–50
Authors:
Aleksandr V. Dorontsev (1,*), Nina A. Zinchuk (2), Olga V. Morozova (2), Kseniya A. Dorontseva (1)
1 Astrakhan State Medical University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-9446-103X, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.* ORCID: 0000-0001-5837–9912, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.; 2 Astrakhan State University, Astrakhan, Russia ORCID: 0000–0001-5837–9912, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. Russia ORCID: 0000-0001-7354-738X, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract:
The study presents the dynamics of the response to physical activity in men aged 44 50 years after a break in physical activity from 1 to 1.5 years, as well as their adaptation to physical exercises in the 4th month of training. The risks of developing a breakdown of adaptation mechanisms to physical activity depending on the sports discipline were discussed. One of the reasons for studying men of this age group was the presence of overstraining the regulatory systems’ risks during physical activity. In this age group, high BMI (body mass index), high BP (blood pressure) are often observed and, as a result, inadequate physical activity can cause a stress reaction of the body’s vital systems. Most researchers [2,6,8,11,14] note that men aged 44–50, who were previously involved in physical education and sports, maintain a fairly high level of physical development, but this depends on their level of athletic qualification, type of sport, history of chronic diseases, and time of active physical exercises’ cessation. Materials. The work used the results of functional tests, indicators of physical qualities’ development level, medical examination data and the dynamics of adaptation to physical activity. Research methods. ECG and ultrasound of the heart were used to assess the presence of pathological changes in the cardiovascular system. The response of the cardiorespiratory system to physical activity was determined using the Orthorent 2000 bicycle ergometer with a load of 50 to 100 W with a pedal rotation frequency of 60–70 rpm. The level of physical fitness was determined based on the performance of general physical fitness’ control tests. Results. It has been determined that the risks of adaptation mechanisms’ failure are quite high in the first 3 months of starting physical activity after a long break, therefore prompt monitoring of hemodynamic parameters during this period will allow prescribing adequate physical activity, thereby increasing the effectiveness of training sessions. Conclusion. Physical education and sports after a long break (from 1 year to 1.5 years) for men aged 44-50 years is due to a number of restrictions on the volume and intensity of physical activity, especially during the adaptation period (up to 4 months). The methodology for planning the level of physical activity should be formed on the basis of functional tests and the conclusion of an instrumental medical examination. Scientific novelty. Correlations were revealed between the degree of the cardiovascular system and the type of physical activity’s adaptation, variants of the hemodynamic response during the periods of early and late recovery. Practical recommendations. The first three months of physical activity are an adaptation period for the cardiovascular system; at the end of the 4th month, an improvement in the functional indicators of the cardiorespiratory system was observed, mainly in representatives of game sports and swimming. Thus, the level of physical activity’s intensity in this period should be planned with a heart rate in the compensatory zone ≤ 130 bpm.
Keywords:
men 44 – 50 years old, physical activity, long break, functional adaptation.