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The Russian Journal of Physical Education and Sport (Pedagogical-Psychological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports)
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review
Article Nazarenko LD, Panova EO, "Formation of the responsible attitude of students of pedagogical high school to learning the physical training as a condition to improve their effectiveness"
The traditional system of educational process in physical education students focused mainly on the implementation of standards for the installation of physical fitness, which led to a regular decrease an interest in activities, decreased motor activity, their unwillingness to organize recreational and sports activities in secondary school design and use of new forms of physical training as one of the activity areas of the school physical education students radical transformation . Teacher students - future teachers do not acquire sufficient skills and organization of physical culture and mass sports activities in secondary school.
This article is devoted to theoretical and methodological rationale of pedagogical high school students responsible attitude formation to learning the physical training designed to ensure active involvement of students in the health and fitness and sports activities, as one of their professional activities components.
The authors found to contain activity of students of pedagogical high school in the classroom of physical culture: motivational orientation, informative and evaluative. The technique of forming a responsible attitude to the future teachers of physical culture and tested its effectiveness in the teaching experiment. In this paper we show that an appropriate level of responsibility formed enables future teachers to recognize what special knowledge and skills they need to acquire in the classroom for physical culture, learning which will enable them to solve the problem of increasing health indicators of mental and physical activity.
Article recommended for printing.
Doctor of Biology, Professor
Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Hygiene
of Human and Animals VPO "Ulyanovsk
State Pedagogical University
named after I. Ulyanov " N.P. Perfilieva
INNOVATIVE DIRECTIONS OF PHYSICAL CULTURE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS IMPROVEMENT AT A TECHNICAL HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT
Nadegda V. Avramova - Ph.D.
Samara State Technical University,
244, Str. Molodogvardiiska, Samara, 443100, Russia
Lyudmila A. Kochurova - Ph.D.
Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov,
4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenins birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia
Annotation. A new RLD complex is the stimulus for a deeper necessity realization to fulfill a qualitative improvement of physical upbringing state system in all kinds and types of educational establishments. RLD complex as a program-normative basis of physical-health-improving and sports-mass activity contains the demands to educational and extracurricular forms of physical exercises organization and use. Materials. The aim of the complex will be achieved in case of readiness provision of children, teen-agers and students to systematic use of physical culture means; the skills formation of physical exercises independent fulfillment. The article is about innovative directions of educational process improvement in physical culture at a technical higher educational establishment, the use of which will provide a preliminary training of students in order to fulfill RLD normatives. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and summarizing, pedagogical experiment, methodology, testing, statistical data handling. Results. The skills improvement of physical exercises independent fulfillment provides intellectual, moral-volitional and motional qualities, physical readiness indices increase, health improvement and many-sided development. In the authors opinion, the important condition of physical culture lessons effectiveness increase is emotional means use: national, folk, outdoor and sports games, which are available for people with the average and lower level of physical readiness. Condition. The results of the pedagogical experiment showed that the elements of national folk games (lapta, gorodki) and more popular sports games (basketball, volley-ball, football) use during the lessons and extracurricular activity provides intellectual, moral-volitional and physical qualities development, physical readiness improvement, students’ health improvement at a technical higher educational establishment; the skills of independent, systematic physical exercises fulfillment formation; motional activity volume increase, which is necessary for training and fulfilling the normatives of a new RLD complex .
Keywords: students, educational process, organization, normatives of RLD (ready for labor and defense) complex.
Urgency. Deficiency of motional activity conditioned the process of biological degradation of a person and it is reflected in health indices, intellectual and physical working capacity decrease, bad adaptation to sedentary life style. The leading specialists in the sphere of physical culture and sport V.I. Belov, F.F. Mikhaylovich, 1999; L.D. Nazarenko, 2001, 2003, 2012, 2014; L.I. Lubysheva, 2006; Z.M. Kuznetsova, Y.P. Simakov, 2009; V.K. Balsevich, 2012 and others as the main source of health preservation consider the mechanism of a person’s life regulation improvement by means of physical culture. It conditions the necessity to form the need for systematic use of different forms of going in for physical exercises.
In the law of the Russian Federation “On education” (article 14) it is stated, that modern physical upbringing should be oriented at personality-axiological attitude formation to an active motional activity, which will help to reveal the kinesiological potential of an individual. The base of the involvement process into general world values of physical culture form creative ideas, technologies and methodologies, the use of which helps to overcome the existing contradictions between the need of society for people with a high indices of spiritual-moral and physical health and the level of the state system of physical upbringing, which doesn’t provide the demanded volume of muscular load. It conditions the necessity to understand a new RLD complex, which is directed at a radical improvement of the state system of physical upbringing.
The aim of this work is theoretical importance substantiation of creating innovative directions in educational process of physical upbringing organization at not physical culture higher educational establishments, which provide motional activity volume increase.
Objectives:
1. To reveal the role of RLD complex – program-normative base of the state system of physical upbringing – in its effectiveness increase.
2. To create innovative directions in educational process physical upbringing organization at a technical higher educational establishment and check their expediency during the pedagogical experiment.
Materials. Modern physical-health-improving sphere in different parts of the state system of physical upbringing is created and corrected under the influence of the outer (schoolchildren’s, students’ and adults’ health indices revelation and analysis; the reasons for their decrease revelation; physical culture educational process organization and content improvement; material-technical base renewal; the level of scientific-research work in the sphere of physical upbringing increase; the use of innovative approaches to lessons, nontraditional kinds and forms of physical exercises organization) and inner (low health indices realization as a result of insufficient motional activity;impulse appearance to physical culture and sport means use for phenotypic status correction; desire to realize a sports life style)factors. In the process of physical-health-improving sphere formation great role belongs to a new RLD complex, created taking into consideration a positive experience of its first variants use and the results of scientific-research activity in this direction.
The first All-Union RLD complex, introduced in 1931-1934, was characterized by high ideological-patriotic orientation, physical exercises availability and it provided its popularity not only among young people, but also among adults. The content of the complex in 1939 was intensified by means of the applied training, many-sided influence of physical culture and sports means. In RLD complex in 1984 the objective was offered to provide further increase of mass character, physical upbringing quality improvement, world championships winning in the main kinds of sport. In 1954 some changes of RLD complex were introduced, which made its content closer to the conditions of physical upbringing at a comprehensive school. The objective was set to reveal an optimal combination of its normatives with the program demands at schools, colleges and higher educational establishments. Further improvement of RLD complex in 1959 was in the direction of training badge holders taking into consideration local conditions of the separate regions of the country, the peculiarities of physical development, inclinations and abilities of each physical culture teacher. Its content provided mass extracurricular physical-health-improving work organization, children and teen-agers involvement into sports training. Three steps of the complex were introduced: BRLD (be ready for labor and defense) (14-15 years-old); RLD of the 1st stage (16-18 years-old); RLD of the 2nd stage (since 19 years-old and older).
In January 1972 a new RLD complex was introduced, which determined a new stage in physical movement development. If in the previous complexes normative demands were for 14-46 year-old people, a new complex was for 10-60 year-old people. The initial stage of the complex of 1972 was for 7-9 year-old children (V.A. Uvarov, V.V. Kudrayvtsev, 1982). Since 1972 RLD complex was a program and normative base of the Soviet system of physical upbringing in all educational establishments of the country. Its age related bounds were broadened in order to involve schoolchildren of the 1st-2nd classes, and it conditioned the necessity to introduce a new stage “Ready for the starts”. It helped to involve all pupils, starting from the 1st class, into active physical culture lessons.
RLD complex role is in the fact that it formed scientific-methodical basis of the Soviet physical culture movement, made physical exercises an integral part of life among more active employable members of society. It provided the level of physical readiness, health, intellectual and physical working capacity increase, physical-health-improving activity development and improvement, mass character of sport increase. Owing to RLD complex the Soviet system of physical upbringing became highly effective. In time formalism in work conditioned sharp decrease of mass character and quality of physical and sports activity and it determined the necessity to create new approaches to physical movement organization, taking into consideration new political, social-economic and ecological conditions of the country development, interests and needs of people, their attitude to own health.
Results and their discussion. Scientific and scientific-methodical literature analysis, materials of our own research works showed, that new forms of physical cultural-health-improving and sports-mass work creation, their introduction into the life of people of different age - schoolchildren, students, adults and old people, is mainly conditioned by the following:
- taking into consideration outer and inner factors, which influence physical-health improving space organization as the condition for involving people into an active motional activity;
- the level of professional-pedagogical competence increase among physical culture school teachers and teachers at higher educational establishments, which conditions their creative attitude to physical and sports activity organization;
- an adequate estimation of physical culture and sport specialists’ labor, which stimulates their desire to fulfill self-development, activity effectiveness increase and others.
A new, modern RLD complex introduction demands a corresponding readiness of children, teen-agers, students and studying youth to fulfill specially organized training load, which includes different physical exercises, which correspond to the age, readiness level, demands and interests of people who train. It conditions the necessity to search for innovative directions of personal-axiological attitude to physical culture means formation, the leading among which, in our opinion, are the following:
- creative use of traditional national folk games, the elements of which should form the main content of physical culture lesson, including the following: different distances running – from 30 to 150 meters; speeding-up, shuttle running; throwing into the goal; dribbling and ball passing on the basis of lapta, gorodki and sports games – basketball, volley-ball, football and others;
- including the tasks, which are connected with attention, memory, analytical skills, keenness of wit demonstration into the content of physical culture lessons, the use of motional experience, muscular power development, quickness, dexterity, accuracy and other motional-coordinating qualities development ;
-playing and competitive methods of teaching and training use as the main ones, directed at spatio-temporal and spatio-power skills of orientation formation, a qualitative mastering the leading characteristics of physical exercises, which demand their repeated independent fulfillment.
In order to check the effectiveness of these directions of personal-axiological attitude formation to physical culture and sport means use a pedagogical experiment was held. 66 students of the 1st course of a technical higher educational establishment took part in the experiment. The control group (CG) and the experimental group (EG) were organized, each group included 33 people. Before the pedagogical experiment the test was held in order to reveal the initial level of physical readiness, for this purpose the following control exercises were used: 100 meters running (seconds); standing long-jump (centimeters); dip up (quantity); legs lifting till touching the floor behind the head from lying position; 2000 meters cross (minutes). Research materials handling and analysis didn’t reveal considerable differences according to the level of physical readiness among the students from the CG and the EG (р>0,05). Moreover, the following indices were taken into consideration: physical; culture lessons attendance, intellectual and physical activity, quantitative parameters of the training tasks fulfillment. Comparative analysis of the received results didn’t reveal considerable differences among the students from the CG and the EG (р>0,05).
Lessons in the CG were held according to the traditional methodology in accordance with physical culture program, recommended by the Ministry of Education. In the EG the lessons were held in accordance with created by us directions of personal-axiological attitude formation to physical culture means use.
During the lessons at a sports ground, stadium, football field, students from the EG mastered the elements of the national games (lapta, gorodki), their rules, technique of a bat throws, the figures in gorodki. Students named intellectual and motional-coordinating qualities, which were developed during these games, preparatory and leading exercises and motor acts, which are necessary for muscular power, quickness, dexterity, accuracy indices and other qualities of motional activity increase for their independent fulfillment during free time.
Students from the EG mastered different figures used in gorodki, in order to ruin them taking into consideration their own individual peculiarities: ratio of height-weight indices; the level of motional-coordinating qualities development and others. At a football field the ways of ball passing, shot on goal were fulfilled; on the playing grounds the main techniques of basket-ball and volleyball were mastered. The students were explained the mechanism of each game influence on the organism, their influence on moral-volitional and intellectual qualities development and improvement, the need for activity formation, desire to fulfill many-sided, harmonious development, phenotypic status improvement. After classes students form the EG were invited to play one of the games not less than three times a week. As the stimulus the team-winner got the right to choose the out-door game for the next time.
After the end of the pedagogical experiment one more test was held in order to reveal the dynamics of physical readiness indices. The received results analysis showed that their improvement was in both groups: in the CG and the EG, with a considerable advantage of the EG. In 100 meters running in the CG with the initial results 17,39±0,26 seconds to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices increased and were 17,14± 0,35 seconds (р>0,05); in the EG with the initial indices 17,44±0,29 seconds the results increased to 16,69±,021 seconds (р>0,05). The same tendency of a considerable physical readiness results improvement in the EG was revealed according to other control exercises. Moreover, in the EG physical culture lessons attendance, intellectual and motional activity improved greatly. Students from the EG knew the content and the rules of the outdoor games, the peculiarities of their influence on the organism better; they attended with pleasure extracurricular lessons and it provided their physical readiness to fulfill RLD complex normatives.
Conclusion. Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed, that RLD complex normatives fulfillment can be a stimulus for a purposeful physical readiness organization by means of different physical culture means use. Innovative directions of physical culture lessons improvement at a technical higher educational establishment are based on personal-axiological attitude to a systematic use of physical exercises formation - an effective means of intellectual, moral-volitional and motional qualities development- the base for physical readiness and health indices improvement. The results of pedagogical experiment showed the expediency and effectiveness of the offered directions of physical upbringing system development among students from higher educational establishments.
References
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Submitted: 16.08.2016
Received: 19.08.2016
Author information
Lyudmila A. Kochurova – Associate Professor, PhD, assistant professor of sports sciences and physical education, Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov,
4, area of 100 th anniversary of V.I. Lenins birth, Ulyanovsk, 432700, Russia, E-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Nadegda V. Avramova – PhD, lecturer of the Department of Humanities, Samara State Technical University, 244, Str. Molodogvardiiska, Samara, 443100, Russia